CSD NGO Women's Caucus [
Back to CSD-9 ] International
Agreements on Energy
with a particular focus on agreements related to gender
issues
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1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
Article 4
* Commitments 1(c), 8 (h), 10
http://www.unfccc.de/resource/conv/conv_006.html
2. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
Article 2
* Para 1 (i, iv, viii,)
* Article 10, Para b(i)
http://www.unfccc.de/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html
3. Agenda 21
* Chapter 1. Preamble
* Para 1.7.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap1.htm
4. Agenda 21
Chapter 4. Changing Consumption Patterns
Para 4.2.
Para 4.10 (d)
Activities (a)
Para 4.18
Para 4.18 (d)
Para 4.24
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap4.htm
Women:
Means of implementation
4.27. This programme is concerned primarily with changes in unsustainable
patterns of consumption and production and values that encourage sustainable
consumption patterns and lifestyles. It requires the combined efforts of
Governments, consumers and producers. Particular attention should be paid to
the significant role played by women and households as consumers and the
potential impacts of their combined purchasing power on the economy.
5. Agenda 21
Chapter 5. Demographic Dynamics and Sustainability
Programme Areas
A. Developing and disseminating knowledge concerning the links between
demographic trends and factors and sustainable development
Basis for action
* Para 5.3.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap5.htm
6. Agenda 21
Chapter 6. Protection and Promotion of Human Health
E. Reducing health risks from environmental pollution and hazards
* Para 6.39
* Para 6.41 (j) Industry and energy production (i-iv)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap6.htm
7. Agenda 21
Chapter 7. Promoting Sustainable Human Settlement Development
I. Introduction
[chapters re urban development, infrastructure, containing
sentences"...particularly women" not included]
Para 7.1., 7.24, 7.27, 7.40, 7.46, 7.47, 7.48, 7.49, 7.50
7.51.a(i, ii, iv), b(i,ii)
7.52 (f)
7.54 (a,c)
7.69 (c)
7.70 (b)
7.75
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap7.htm
8. Agenda 21
Chapter 8. Integrating Environment and Development in Decision-Making
A. Integrating environment and development at the policy, planning and
management levels
* Para 8.2.
* Para 8.33. (a)
* Para 8.47
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap8.htm
9. Agenda 21
Section II. Conservation and Management of Resources for Development
* Chapter 9. Protection of the Atmosphere
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap9.htm
10. Agenda 21
Chapter 12. Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Combating Desertification and
Drought
* Para 12.12 (a)
* Para 12.17 (d)
* 12.18 (h)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap12.htm
11. Agenda 21
Chapter 13. Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Sustainable Mountain Development
* Para 13.1.
* Para 13.22 (b)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap13.htm
12. Agenda 21
Chapter 14. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development
K. Rural energy transition to enhance productivity
* Para 14.93
* Para 14.101
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap14.htm
13. Agenda 21
Chapter 17. Protection of the Oceans, All Kinds of Seas, Including Enclosed
and Semi-Enclosed Seas, and Coastal Areas and the Protection, Rational Use
and development of Their Living Resources
* Para 17.73
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap17.htm
14. Agenda 21
Chapter 21. Environmentally Sound Management of Solid Wastes and
Sewage-Related Issues
* Para 21.14 (f)
* Para 21.19 (d)
* Para 21.20 (c)
* Activities
(a) Management-related activities
21.19. Governments and institutions and non-governmental organizations,
including consumer, women's and youth groups, in collaboration with
appropriate organizations of the United Nations system, should launch
programmes to demonstrate and make operational enhanced waste reuse and
recycling. These programmes should, wherever possible, build upon existing
or planned activities and should: [...]
* 21.25 Training will be required to reorient current
waste management practices to include waste reuse and recycling.
Governments, in collaboration with United Nations international and regional
organizations, should undertake the following indicative list of actions:
(d) Encouraging non-governmental organizations, community-based
organizations and women's, youth and public interest group programmes, in
collaboration with local municipal authorities, to mobilize community
support for waste reuse and recycling through focused community-level
campaigns.
* 21.46. Research activities could be enhanced. Countries, in cooperation
with appropriate international organizations and non-governmental
organizations, should, for instance:
(c) Launch campaigns to encourage active community participation involving
women's and youth groups in the management of waste, particularly household
waste;
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap21.htm
15. Agenda 21
Chapter 30. Strengthening the Role of Business and Industry
* Activities 30.10 (a)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap30.htm
16. Agenda 21
Chapter 32. Strengthening the Role of Farmers *
Programme Area
Objectives
* Para 32.5 (d)
* Para 32.12 (a)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap32.htm
Women:
* 32.2. The rural household, indigenous people and their communities, and
the family farmer, a substantial number of whom are women, have been the
stewards of much of the Earth's resources. Farmers must conserve their
physical environment as they depend on it for their sustenance. Over the
past 20 years there has been impressive increase in aggregate agricultural
production. Yet, in some regions, this increase has been outstripped by
population growth or international debt or falling commodity prices.
Further, the natural resources that sustain farming activity need proper
care, and there is a growing concern about the sustainability of
agricultural production systems.
* 32.4. The sustainable development of people in marginal
and fragile ecosystems is also addressed in Agenda 21. The key to the
successful implementation of these programmes lies in the motivation and
attitudes of individual farmers and government policies that would provide
incentives to farmers to manage their natural resources efficiently and in a
sustainable way. Farmers, particularly women, face a high degree of
economic, legal and institutional uncertainties when investing in their land
and other resources. The decentralization of decision-making towards local
and community organizations is the key in changing people's behaviour and
implementing sustainable farming strategies. This programme area deals with
activities which can contribute to this end.
Objectives
* 32.5. The following objectives are proposed:
(b) To support and enhance the legal capacity of women and vulnerable groups
with regard to access, use and tenure of land;
* 32.8. Governments and farmers' organizations should:
(c) Develop pilot projects and extension services that would seek to build
on the needs and knowledge base of women farmers.
17. Agenda 21
Chapter 34. Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology, Cooperation and
Capacity-Building
* Activities 34.15
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap34.htm
18. Agenda 21
Chapter 35. Science for Sustainable Development
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap35.htm
* 35.2. Scientists are improving their understanding in areas such as
climatic change, growth in rates of resource consumption, demographic
trends, and environmental degradation. Changes in those and other areas need
to be taken into account in working out long-term strategies for
development. A first step towards improving the scientific basis for these
strategies is a better understanding of land, oceans, atmosphere and their
interlocking water, nutrient and biogeochemical cycles and energy flows
which all form part of the Earth system. This is essential if a more
accurate estimate is to be provided of the carrying capacity of the planet
Earth and of its resilience under the many stresses placed upon it by human
activities. The sciences can provide this understanding through increased
research into the underlying ecological processes and through the
application of modern, effective and efficient tools that are now available,
such as remote-sensing devices, robotic monitoring instruments and computing
and modelling capabilities. The sciences are playing an important role in
linking the fundamental significance of the Earth system as life support to
appropriate strategies for development which build on its continued
functioning. The sciences should continue to play an increasing role in
providing for an improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization and
in finding new development practices, resources, and alternatives. There is
a need for the sciences constantly to reassess and promote less intensive
trends in resource utilization, including less intensive utilization of
energy in industry, agriculture, and transportation. Thus, the sciences are
increasingly being understood as an essential component in the search for
feasible pathways towards sustainable development.
* B. Enhancing scientific understanding
Basis for action
35.10. In order to promote sustainable development, more extensive knowledge
is required of the Earth's carrying capacity, including the processes that
could either impair or enhance its ability to support life. The global
environment is changing more rapidly than at any time in recent centuries;
as a result, surprises may be expected, and the next century could see
significant environmental changes. At the same time, the human consumption
of energy, water and non-renewable resources is increasing, on both a total
and a per capita basis, and shortages may ensue in many parts of the world
even if environmental conditions were to remain unchanged. Social processes
are subject to multiple variations across time and space, regions and
culture. They both affect and are influenced by changing environmental
conditions. Human factors are key driving forces in these intricate sets of
relationships and exert their influence directly on global change.
Therefore, study of the human dimensions of the causes and consequences of
environmental change and of more sustainable development paths is essential.
* Activities
35.17. The following activities should be undertaken:
(a) Coordinate existing data- and statistics-gathering systems relevant to
developmental and environmental issues so as to support preparation of
long-term scientific assessments - for example, data on resource depletion,
import/export flows, energy use, health impacts and demographic trends;
apply the data obtained through the activities identified in programme area
B to environment/development assessments at the global, regional and local
levels; and promote the wide distribution of the assessments in a form that
is responsive to public needs and can be widely understood;
* Objectives
35.21. The primary objective is to improve the scientific capacities of all
countries - in particular, those of developing countries - with specific
regard to:
(b) A substantial increase by the year 2000 in the number of scientists -
particularly women scientists - in those developing countries where their
number is at present insufficient;
* 35.25. Capacity-building includes the following:
(b) Enhancing national, regional and global capacities for carrying out
scientific research and applying scientific and technological information to
environmentally sound and sustainable development. This includes a need to
increase financial resources for global and regional scientific and
technological information networks, as may be appropriate, so that they will
be able to function effectively and efficiently in satisfying the scientific
needs of developing countries. Ensure the capacity-building of women by
recruiting more women in research and research training.
19. Agenda 21
Chapter 39. International Legal Instruments and Mechanisms
Basis for action
A. Review, assessment and fields of action in international law for
sustainable development
* Para 39.7
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ag21chap39.htm
20. Earth Summit II
Chapter 2. Assessment of Progress Made Since the United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development 4/, 5/
* Para 10
* Para 12. The major groups have demonstrated what can be achieved by taking
committed action, sharing resources and building consensus, reflecting
grass-roots concern and involvement. The efforts of local authorities are
making Agenda 21 and the pursuit of sustainable development a reality at the
local level through the implementation of "local Agenda 21s" and
other sustainable development programmes. Non-governmental organizations,
educational institutions, the scientific community and the media have
increased public awareness and discussion of the relations between
environment and development in all countries. The involvement, role and
responsibilities of business and industry, including transnational
corporations, are important. Hundreds of small and large businesses have
made "green business" a new operating mode. Workers and trade
unions have established partnerships with employers and communities to
encourage sustainable development in the workplace. Farmer-led initiatives
have resulted in improved agricultural practices contributing to sound
resource management. Indigenous people have played an increasing role in
addressing issues affecting their interests and particularly concerning
their traditional knowledge and practices. Young people and women around the
world have played a prominent role in galvanizing communities into
recognizing their responsibilities to future generations. Nevertheless, more
opportunities should be created for women to participate effectively in
economic, social and political development as equal partners in all sectors
of the economy.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ES2chap2.htm
21. Earth Summit II
* Chapter 3. A. Integration of economic, social and environmental objectives
* Para 24
* Changing consumption and production patterns
Para 28 (f)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ES2chap3a.htm
22. Earth Summit II
* Chapter 3. B. Sectors and issues, Para 33.
* Forests, Para 37
* Energy, Para 42-46 (a-h)
* Transport, Para 47, Para 47 (d)
* Radioactive wastes, Para 60
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ES2chap3b.htm
23. Earth Summit II
Chapter 4. International Institutional Arrangement
* Para 135
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/ES2chap4.htm
24. Earth Summit 1992: The Forest Principles
Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global
Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All
Types of Forests
* Chapter 6 (a), (d)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/earth%20forest.htm
25. International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD), Cairo 1994
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and
Development
Chapter 3 : Interrelationships between Population, Sustained Economic Growth
and Sustainable Development
A. Integrating population and development strategies
Basis for action
* Chapter 3.3.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/population6.htm
26. International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD), Cairo 1994
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and
Development
Chapter 9 : Population Distribution, Urbanization and Internal Migration
B. Population growth in large urban agglomerations
* Para 9.18
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/population12.htm
27. 3rd World Conference on Women, Nairobi 1985
The Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/narirobi.htm#II.%20Deverlopment
* Food, water and agriculture
174. Women, as key food producers in many regions of the world, play a
central role in the development and production of food and agriculture,
participating actively in all phases of the production cycle, including the
conservation, storage, processing and marketing of food and agricultural
products. Women therefore make a vital contribution to economic development,
particularly in agriculturally based economies, which must be better
recognized and rewarded. Development strategies and programmes, as well as
incentive programmes and projects in the field of food and agriculture, need
to be designed in a manner that fully integrates women at all levels of
planning, implementation, monitoring evaluation in all stages of the
development process of a project cycle, so as to facilitate and enhance this
key role of women and to ensure that women receive proper benefits and
remuneration commensurate with their important contribution in this field.
Moreover, women should be fully integrated and involved in the technological
research and energy aspects of food and agricultural development.
176. Governments should establish multisectoral programmes
to promote the productive capacity of rural poor women in food and animal
production, create off-farm employment opportunities, reduce their
work-load, inter alia, by supporting the establishment of adequate
child-care facilities and that of their children, reverse their
pauperization, improve their access to all sources of energy, and provide
them with adequate water, health, education, effective extension services
and transportation within their region. In this connection it should be
noted that the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development,
held at Rome in 1979, 12/ recognized women's vital role in the
socio-economic life in both agricultural and non-agricultural activities as
a prerequisite for successful rural development policies, planning and
programmes, and proposed specific measures for improving their condition,
which are still valid. The Programme of Action for the Second Half of the
United Nations Decade for Women also included specific measures to improve
the situation of women in food and agriculture, which remain a valid guide
for action.
184. Appropriate food-processing technologies can free
women from time- and energy-consuming tasks and thus effect improvements in
their health. Appropriate technologies can also increase the productivity
and income of women, either directly or by freeing them to engage in other
activities. Such technologies should be designed and introduced, however, in
a manner that ensures women's access to the new technology and to its
benefits and does not displace women from means of livelihood when
alternative opportunities are not available. Appropriate labour-saving
technologies should utilize local human and material resources and
inexpensive sources of energy. The design, testing and dissemination of the
technology should be appropriate also to the women who will be the users.
Non-governmental organizations can play a valuable role in this process.
Appropriate and affordable food-processing technologies should be made
widely available to rural women, along with appropriate and affordable
storage, marketing and transportation facilities to reduce post-harvest and
income losses. Information on improved methods which have been ecologically
confirmed of reducing post-harvest food loss and of preserving and
conserving food products should be widely disseminated.
* Industry
189. The problems related to the industrial development of the developing
countries reflect the dependent nature of their economies and the need to
promote transformation industries based on domestic agricultural production
as a fundamental issue of development. Women are an important part of the
agricultural work-forces therefore, there should be special interest in the
promotion of the technical training of women in this particular field. In
this respect, Governments should take into account the following
recommendations:
(a) There should be a link between agriculture and industry;
(b) Steps should be taken to eliminate the particular obstacles to
industrialization and to the participation of women in industry, such as
energy, the limited markets of some developing countries, the rural exodus,
poor infrastructure, a lack of technical know-how, the dependence of the
industries of some countries and a lack of financial resources;
* Energy
218. Measures developed to rationalize energy consumption and to improve
energy systems, especially of hydrocarbons, and to increase technical
training should be formulated with a view to women as producers, users and
managers of energy sources.
219. In conventional and non-conventional national energy programmes, women
should be integrated as contributors and beneficiaries with a view to their
needs, as determined by specific socio-cultural factors at local and
national levels and in both rural and urban contexts. Assessment of new
energy sources, energy technologies and energy-delivery systems should
specifically consider the reduction of the drudgery that constitutes a large
part of the work of poor urban and rural women.
220. The grass-roots participation of women in energy-needs assessment,
technology and energy conservation, management and maintenance efforts
should be supported.
221. Priority should be given to substituting energy for muscle in the
performance of the industrial and domestic work of women without loss of
their jobs and tasks to men. In view of the high percentage of domestic use
in total energy consumption in low-income countries, the implications of
increasing energy costs, and the current threats posed by inflation,
immediate attention should be directed towards action concerning adapted
technologies, fuel conservation and improved or new sources of energy, such
as biomass, solar and wind energy, geothermal and nuclear energy, as well as
mini-hydroelectric power plants. Improved stoves should be designed and
disseminated to reduce the drudgery involved in the collection of fuel by
women.
222. In order to prevent depletion of the forest areas on which most rural
women rely for much of their energy needs and income, innovative programmes,
such as farm woodlot development, should be initiated with the involvement
of both women and men. In the commercialization of fuelwood energy, measures
should be taken to avoid the loss of women's income to middlemen and urban
industries. Development of fuelwood plantations, diffusion of fast-growing
varieties of trees and technologies for more efficient production of
charcoal should be accelerated with a view to poor rural and urban women
being the major beneficiaries. The use of solar energy and biogas should be
promoted with due regard to affordability, as well as to use and management
by women who are the principal consumers.
223. The involvement of women at all levels of decision-making and
implementation of energy-related decisions including peaceful use of nuclear
energy should be enhanced. Special efforts should be made by Governments and
non-governmental organizations to provide women and women's organizations
with information on all sources and uses of energy, including nuclear
energy. Special incentives should be provided to enable women to obtain
advanced levels of education and training in all energy-related areas in
order to expand their participation in decision-making relating to the
application of nuclear technology for peaceful uses especially in high
priority development areas of water, health, energy, food production and
nutrition. To achieve these goals, increased opportunities and encouragement
should be given to women to study science, mathematics and engineering at
the university level and for girls to study mathematics and science at the
pre-university level.
28. The Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995
Chapter 1. Resolution 1. Annex II - The Beijing Platform for Action
IV. Strategic Objectives and Actions
F. Women and the economy
* Strategic objective F.2.
Facilitate women's equal access to resources, employment, markets and trade
Actions to be taken
167. By Governments, central banks and national development banks, and
private banking institutions, as appropriate:
(d) Ensure that women's priorities are included in public investment
programmes for economic infrastructure, such as water and sanitation,
electrification and energy conservation, transport and road construction;
promote greater involvement of women beneficiaries at the project planning
and implementation stages to ensure access to jobs and contracts.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/FWCWchap1f.htm
29. The Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995
Chapter 1. Resolution 1. Annex II - The Beijing Platform for Action
IV. Strategic Objectives and Actions
* K. Women and the environment
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/FWCWchap1k.htm
particularly the following chapters:
* Strategic objective K.2.
Integrate gender concerns and perspectives in policies and programmes for
sustainable development Actions to be taken
256. By Governments:
(a) Integrate women, including indigenous women, their perspectives and
knowledge, on an equal basis with men, in decision-making regarding
sustainable resource management and the development of policies and
programmes for sustainable development, including in particular those
designed to address and prevent environmental degradation of the land;
(b) Evaluate policies and programmes in terms of environmental impact and
women's equal access to and use of natural resources;
(c) Ensure adequate research to assess how and to what extent women are
particularly susceptible or exposed to environmental degradation and
hazards, including, as necessary, research and data collection on specific
groups of women, particularly women with low income, indigenous women and
women belonging to minorities;
(d) Integrate rural women's traditional knowledge and practices of
sustainable resource use and management in the development of environmental
management and extension programmes;
(e) Integrate the results of gender-sensitive research into mainstream
policies with a view to developing sustainable human settlements;
(f) Promote knowledge of and sponsor research on the role of women,
particularly rural and indigenous women, in food gathering and production,
soil conservation, irrigation, watershed management, sanitation, coastal
zone and marine resource management, integrated pest management, land-use
planning, forest conservation and community forestry, fisheries, natural
disaster prevention, and new and renewable sources of energy, focusing
particularly on indigenous women's knowledge and experience;
(k) Support the development of women's equal access to housing
infrastructure, safe water, and sustainable and affordable energy
technologies, such as wind, solar, biomass and other renewable sources,
through participatory needs assessments, energy planning and policy
formulation at the local and national levels
* Strategic objective K.3.
Strengthen or establish mechanisms at the national, regional and
international levels to assess the impact of development and environmental
policies on women Actions to be taken
258. By Governments, regional and international organizations and
non-governmental organizations, as appropriate:
(c) Ensure the full compliance with relevant international obligations,
including where relevant, the Basel Convention and other conventions
relating to the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes (which include
toxic wastes) and the Code of Practice of the International Atomic Energy
Agency relating to the movement of radioactive waste; enact and enforce
regulations for environmentally sound management related to safe storage and
movements; consider taking action towards the prohibition of those movements
that are unsafe and insecure; ensure the strict control and management of
hazardous wastes and radioactive waste, in accordance with relevant
international and regional obligations and eliminate the exportation of such
wastes to countries that, individually or through international agreements,
prohibit their importation;
30. The Social Summit, Copenhagen 1995
Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development
Chapter III : Expansion of Productive Employment and Reduction of
Unemployment
Basis for action and objectives
* Para 50 (j)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/social6.htm
31. The Social Summit, Copenhagen 1995
Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development
Chapter II : Eradication of Poverty
Basis for action and objectives
B. Improved access to productive resources and infrastructure
* Para 31 (a)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/social5.htm
32. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
I - Preamble
* Chapter 9
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20I%20preamble.htm
33. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
B. Adequate Shelter for All
3. Shelter delivery systems
* Para 84
* Para 85 (g)
* Para 88
* Para 90 (h)
* Para 92 (b)
* Para 78(d) Develop regularization programmes and formulate and implement
such programmes and projects in consultation with the concerned population
and organized groups, ensuring the full and equal participation of women and
taking into account the needs differentiated by gender, age, disability and
vulnerability;
* [Actions: Para 90. To respond effectively to the requirements for
appropriate planning, design, construction, maintenance and rehabilitation
of shelter, infrastructure and other facilities, Governments at the
appropriate levels should:
(b) Encourage public participation in assessing real user needs, especially
gender needs, as an integrated action of the planning and design process; ]
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20B%203.htm
34. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
* C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
2. Sustainable land use
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C%202.htm
women:
Actions: Chapter 113
(l) Institutionalize a participatory approach to sustainable human
settlements through the development and support of strategies and mechanisms
that encourage open and inclusive dialogue among all interested parties,
with special attention to the needs and priorities of women, minorities,
children, youth, people with disabilities, older persons and persons living
in poverty and exclusion;
35. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
5. Environmentally sustainable, healthy and liveable human settlements
* Para 137 (f)
* Para 139 (b)
* Para 141 (k) Take into consideration the needs of women in making
technological choices in respect of the level of and access to basic
services;
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C%205.htm
36. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
* 6. Sustainable energy use
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C%206.htm
37. [Habitat II Conference], Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
7. Sustainable transport and communication systems
* Chapter 147
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C%207.htm
38. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
9. Improving urban economies
* Chapter 161 (b)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C%209.htm
39. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
* Chapter 101
* Chapter 108
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20C.htm
40. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
D. Capacity-building and institutional development
5. Metropolitan planning and management
* Chapter 186 f, h
* Chapter 186(b) Incorporate a gender perspective in policy, planning and
management strategies;
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20D%205.htm
41. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
IV Global Plan of Action
F. Implementation and follow-up of the Habitat Agenda
5. Performance evaluation, indicators and best practices
* Para 241
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20IV%20F%205.htm
* 239. It is essential to evaluate the impact of policies,
strategies and actions on the provision of adequate shelter and the
achievement of sustainable human settlements development. The results of
these evaluations will be considered by the relevant United Nations organs
and bodies, including the Commission on Human Settlements. The United
Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), together with other relevant
organizations, will be responsible for establishing an appropriate process
for analysing and monitoring major trends in urbanization and the impact of
urban policies. In particular, age and gender-disaggregated information on
the impact of urbanization on vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, including
children, should be collected, taking into account other relevant work in
this field.
42. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
III Commitments
A. Adequate shelter for all
* Chapter 40 (f)
* Chapter 40 (b) Providing legal security of tenure and equal access to land
to all people, including women and those living in poverty; and undertaking
legislative and administrative reforms to give women full and equal access
to economic resources, including the right to inheritance and to ownership
of land and other property, credit, natural resources and appropriate
technologies;
* Chapter 40 (c) Promoting access for all people to safe drinking water,
sanitation and other basic services, facilities and amenities, especially
for people living in poverty, women and those belonging to vulnerable and
disadvantaged groups;
* Chapter 40 (l) Promoting shelter and supporting basic services and
facilities for education and health for the homeless, displaced persons,
indigenous people, women and children who are survivors of family violence,
persons with disabilities, older persons, victims of natural and man-made
disasters and people belonging to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups,
including temporary shelter and basic services for refugees;
43. Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
III. Commitments
B. Sustainable human settlements
* Chapter 43 (j), (n), (o)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-conf/hab%202%20III%20B.htm
women:
* Chapter 43 (a)
Promoting, as appropriate, socially integrated and accessible human
settlements, including appropriate facilities for health and education,
combating segregation and discriminatory and other exclusionary policies and
practices, and recognizing and respecting the rights of all, especially of
women, children, persons with disabilities, people living in poverty and
those belonging to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups;
* Chapter 43 (w)
Developing and evaluating policies and programmes to reduce the undesired
adverse effects and improve the positive impact of structural adjustment and
economic transition on sustainable human settlements development, especially
on those belonging to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, and women, inter
alia, through reviewing the impact of structural adjustment on social
development by means of gender-sensitive social impact assessments and other
relevant methods;
44. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in
Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly
in Africa
Annex III. Regional Implementation Annex for Latin America and the Carribean
Article 4. Content of national action programmes
* Point i
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/otherun/ccdtext3.htm
45. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,
Particularly in Africa
Annex I. Regional Implementation Annex for Africa
* Article 8. Content of national action programmes, Chapter 3.b (iii)
* Article 11. Content and preparation of subregional action programmes, (b)
* Article 13. Content of the regional action programme, (d)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/otherun/ccdtext1.htm
46. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,
Particularly in Africa
* Article 10. National action programmes, Chapter 4
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/otherun/ccdtext.htm#Article%2010.%20National%20action%20programmes
* Article 19. Capacity building, education and public
awareness, Chapter 1(f)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/otherun/ccdtext.htm#Article%2019.%20Capacity%20building,%20education%20and%20public%20awareness
Commissions
Commission on Sustainable Development:
1. CSD 1994
Chapter I
MATTERS CALLING FOR ACTION BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL OR BROUGHT TO
ITS ATTENTION
5. Changing consumption and production patterns
* Para 47
* Para 52
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1994.htm#Chapter%20I
2. CSD 1995
MATTERS CALLING FOR ACTION BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL OR BROUGHT TO
ITS ATTENTION
4. Changing production and consumption patterns
* Para 35
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1995.htm#Chapter%20I
3. CSD 1996
Report on the Fourth Session
Decision 4/10. Transfer of environmentally sound technologies, cooperation
and capacity-building
* Para 10
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1996.htm#Decision%204/10
Decision 4/13. Changing production and consumption
patterns*
* Para 1. point (l, r, )
* Para 2 (b)
* Para 3 (d)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1996.htm#Decision%204/13
Decision 4/15. Protection of the atmosphere and protection
of the oceans and all kinds of seas*
B. Protection of the atmosphere
* Para 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 19
E. Energy resources
* Para 22-24
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1996.htm#Decision%204/15
Chapter II
CHAIRMAN'S SUMMARY OF THE HIGH-LEVEL SEGMENT OF THE FOURTH SESSION OF THE
COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
* Para 13, 14, 17, 19, 36
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1996.htm#Chapter%20II
* Note the following documents:
E/CN.17/1996/20 7 Sustainable development of coastal areas, tourism, energy
resources, air transport, maritime transport, telecommunications, and
management of natural and environmental disasters in small island developing
States: report of the Secretary-General
E/CN.17/1996/20/Add.2 7 Sustainable development of energy
resources in small island developing States: report of the Secretary-
General
4. CSD 1997
Note the following report:
* E/CN.17/1997/7 4 Report of the Secretary-General on an and Corr.1
inventory of ongoing energy-related programmes and activities of entities
within the United Nations system, on coordination of such activities, and on
arrangements needed to foster the linkage between energy and sustainable
development within the system
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1997.htm
5. CSD 1997
Inventory of ongoing energy-related programmes and activities of entities
within the United Nations system, on coordination of such activities and on
arrangements needed to foster the linkage between energy and sustainable
development within the system
Report of the Secretary-General
* 37. Women have an essential role to play in achieving
sustainable energy programmes, with an emphasis on demand-side management
and increased use of renewable energy sources. To enable women to
participate more easily in energy programmes and projects, it is crucial
that women's needs and involvement in both urban and rural areas be given
due consideration in the planning of energy services. In urban areas,
women's energy needs for domestic as well as economically productive
activities need to be given due consideration.7/
6. CSD 1997
Critical issues and policies for sustainable development: energy, transport
and water
Report of the High-level Advisory Board on Sustainable Development for the
1997 review of the Rio commitments
Addendum
A FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION
A. Making use of democracy
23. Sustainable development requires that greater use be made of the skills
and knowledge possessed by women; the empowerment and mobilization of women
must be promoted as a requisite for positive change. Reducing poverty means
dealing with women's issues as a priority, including the implementation of
the recommendations of the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, 4-15
September 1995). Those recommendations should be reviewed and realistic
targets established.
http://www.un.org/documents/ecosoc/cn17/1997/ecn171997-17add1.htm
7. CSD 1998
Decision 6/1. Strategic approaches to freshwater management
* 19 (b)
* D 44
* F 69
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1998.htm#Decision%206/1
3. Industry and Sustainable Development
* Para 27, 29
* point 46
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1998.htm#Chapter%20III
8. CSD 1999
Draft resolution II
* Preparations for the ninth session of the Commission on Sustainable
Development on the issue of energy
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1999.htm#Draft%20resolution%20II
* Chapter VIII Initiation of preparations for the ninth
session of the Commission on issues related to the sectoral theme: energy
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1999.htm#Chapter%20VIII
* Priorities for future work
5. The Commission on Sustainable Development reaffirms that poverty
eradication and changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns
remain the overriding issues of the Commissions's work programme. These two
issues are to be integrated, as appropriate, into the future themes of the
work programme, in particular highlighting the linkages with agriculture,
financial resources, trade and investment in 2000, and energy and transport
in 2001. In this regard, consideration should be given to developments in
other relevant international organizations and intergovernmental bodies. The
two overriding issues should also be given due regard at the comprehensive
review at the Commission's tenth session in 2002 in preparation for the
10-year review of progress made since UNCED.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd1999.htm#Decision%207/2
9. CSD 2000
Decision on Agriculture adopted
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 34
* 41. Relevant organizations and bodies are encouraged to make further
efforts, with special attention to the gender perspective, in developing
methodologies and improving coordination for data collection, indicators
analysis, monitoring and evaluation of public and private efforts to support
sustainable agriculture and rural development.
* 45. Effective implementation of the SARD [sustainable agriculture and
rural development]
objectives requires participation of a wide range of stakeholders.
Empowerment, participation and partnerships are critical to success in
achieving SARD, in particular involvement of women, bearing in mind their
important role in SARD. Governments and relevant international organizations
are therefore urged, as appropriate, to further develop innovative
institutional mechanisms to ensure effective stakeholder participation in
decision-making related to SARD.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csd/csd2000sard.htm
Commission on the Status of Women:
1. CSW 1992
IV. Priority Themes
B. Development
2. Women and the Environment
90. Several representatives stressed the importance of and access to formal
and informal education, vocational training and retraining at all ages,
environmentally sound working conditions, health-care education and hygiene.
A few representatives stated that programmes for environmental protection
and women in development should be suited to local circumstances. Some
representatives reported on the existing programmes for afforestation and
waste land development and on the efforts made to deal with desertification,
erosion and pollution, and on research into alternative energy sources to
reduce the use of fuelwood in rural areas. Others informed the Commission of
legal reforms and the establishment of committees to monitor
pollution-producing industries.
92. One representative commented that the growing world
population had contributed to the loss of natural resources. Another
observer emphasized the importance of the role of women and their right to
make decisions in population planning. As activists and leaders, women were
involved in campaigns to promote environmental awareness and protection and
that should be extended to all countries. A few representatives commented on
the imbalance in consumption of global resources and the practice of dumping
toxic wastes in developing countries. Some observers encouraged research in
and fairer distribution and transfer of alternative cleaner technologies,
and access by women to those technologies was considered important. One
observer reported on the ecological, genetic, psychological and biological
effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster that still affected women and
families in the area; others referred to the effects on the environment of
forced migrations and the conditions during armed conflicts, such as water
and energy shortages and destruction of arable land.
2. CSW 1994
Chapter IV
Priority Themes
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csw/csw1994.htm#chapIV
18. Many representatives stated that unless the specific
situation of women was taken into account, the impact of urbanization on
women's lives would remain negative. A few representatives observed out that
if structural adjustment programmes implied budget cuts in such services as
transportation, sanitation, and energy supply, women would be severely
affected. One representative suggested that external support agencies could
play an important role in making urban development more gender-sensitive.
3. CSW 1995
Resolution 39/9. Women in agriculture and rural development
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csw/csw1995.htm#39/9
Recalling the recommendations of the Abuja Declaration on
Participatory Development: The Role of Women in Africa in the 1990s on the
need to design specific training programmes for women in rural areas aimed
at developing their technical skills in agriculture and other fields,
including environment, water and energy, within the global framework of the
improvement of women's access to higher education in the field of science
and technology,
4. CSW 1996
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csw/csw1996.htm
* E. Adopting and promoting a family support policy and
encouraging reconciliation of family and professional life for women and men
* 17. The burden of domestic work needs to be eased by making use of
appropriate technologies to provide drinking water and an energy supply.
* Resolution 40/5. International Research and Training Institute for the
Advancement of Women
5. Commends the efforts of the Institute to address all levels of poverty
that hamper so dramatically the advancement of women, through the
coordination of research and training activities in the areas of economic
and political empowerment of women; statistics and indicators in gender
issues; communications; women, natural resources and sustainable
development; water, sanitation and waste management; renewable sources of
energy; and issues related to different population groups, such as the girl
child, older women, displaced women, refugee and migrant women and women in
rural areas;
5. CSW 1997
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csw/csw1997.htm#env
27. Governments, research institutions and the private
sector should support the role of women in developing environmentally sound
technologies, such as solar energy, and in influencing the development of
new and appropriate technologies by ensuring education and training in
science and technology.
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/csw/csw1997.htm#chapII
Assessing the relationship between women and the environment and the impact
of environmental factors on women
36. In identifying or developing technological solutions for environmental
problems, it was considered essential to ensure that those solutions
reflected the needs and interests of both men and women and that they were
compatible with indigenous knowledge and local realities. Technologies that
were inexpensive, easy to install and to operate, and consistent with the
needs of communities, including women, had been highly successful. Solar
energy was an example of a technology in whose development women could play
a pioneering role. Transfer of technology should promote capacity-building
for both women and men and include training for both groups.
Commission on Human Settlements CHS 1995
15/11. Sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world, including
issues related to land policies and mitigation of natural disasters
Para 2 (d)
http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/Women/un-doku/un-comm/chs/chs1995.htm#15/11.%20Sustaina
UN Agencies
INSTRAW Energy-Related Programmes and Activities
I. Policies and mandates of the entity
INSTRAW pays particular attention to research, training and capacity-
building at national and global levels to ensure the involvement of women in
environmentally sustainable energy programmes and projects.
INSTRAW has a special role in the area of non-technological factors
affecting the diffusion process of new and renewable sources of energy.
Women's issues are central to the economic, social, cultural and
environmental aspects of the diffusion process.
INSTRAW provides an important service by collecting information on
non-technical aspects of the adoption of new and renewable sources of
energy, analyzing it and making it available to international aid agencies
as well as governments and NGOs.
In this regard, INSTRAW also undertakes research and training programmes.
II. Overview of programmes and activities
A. Energy development
B. Energy supply
C. Energy use
In the area of women and energy use and development,
INSTRAW conducts catalytic research and training activities in close
collaboration and co- ordination with agencies within and outside the UN
system. The Institute collects, analyses and disseminates information and
documentation concerning women and energy; helps identify areas where
research and training activities can make a critical difference in the field
of women and energy; and promotes, through TCDC, the integration of issues
relevant to women into energy policies, programmes and projects, primarily
through the conduct of participatory training seminars on "Women and
New and Renewable Sources of Energy" at national, regional and
international levels in cooperation with the UN organizations and national
counterparts.
Based on seven years of research (INSTRAW) on women and energy, and on
insights gained from the training experiences at ILO-Turin Center, INSTRAW
has developed an innovative training package on "Women and New and
Renewable Sources of Energy" to promote the integration of women's
needs and their participation into the various phases of programmes and
projects related to new and renewable sources of energy. The package is
aimed at different target groups, including planners, senior officials,
engineers, energy programme managers, representatives of NGOs and women's
organizations and community workers.
Funding and Operation:
In cooperation with national counterparts, INSTRAW has adopted participatory
and self-reliant techniques in applying the innovative training package.
Three national training seminars (Dominican Republic, Egypt and Tanzania),
one sub-regional workshop for the Mediterranean region (former
Yugoslavia-Slovenia) and Arabic-speaking African countries (Libya) and one
regional training seminar for Africa (Ethiopia, ECA headquarters) were
conducted between 1989 to 1991.
http://www.un.org/documents/ecosoc/cn17/1997/ecn171997-7.htm
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
1. Summary for Policymakers: Scientific-Technical Analyses of Impacts,
Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change - IPCC Working Group II
http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/sarsum2.htm
2. IPCC Second Assessment Synthesis of
Scientific-Technical Information relevant to interpreting Article 2 of the
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/sarsyn.htm
3. Summary for Policymakers: The Economic and Social
Dimensions of Climate Change -IPCC Working Group III
http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/sarsum3.htm
4. Summary for Policymakers
The Regional Impacts of Climate Change:
An Assessment of Vulnerability
http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/sr97.htm
5. SPECIAL REPORT ON EMISSION SCENARIOS (table of contents
only)
http://www.ipcc.ch/activity/sres-out.htm
6. IPCC Special Report on
Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer (table of
contents)
http://www.ipcc.ch/activity/srtt-out.htm
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